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The carbon cost of rising incomes: Evidence from a middle-income country

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dc.contributor.authorGilles, Enrique
dc.contributor.authorCortés, Darwin
dc.contributor.authorMonsalve, Fabio
dc.contributor.orcidCortés, Darwin[0000-0003-2280-9452]
dc.contributor.orcidCortés, Darwin [0000-0001-6595-2799]
dc.contributor.scopusCortés, Darwin [56049189500]
dc.contributor.scopusMonsalve, Fabio [12761342500]
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-01T19:16:42Z
dc.date.issued2026-08
dc.description.abstractenglishAs developing countries reduce poverty and expand their middle classes, household consumption tends to shift toward more carbon-intensive patterns. This paper examines the carbon footprint of household consumption in Colombia, one of the world's most unequal middle-income countries, using microdata from the national household budget survey and an environmentally extended input-output framework. Results reveal a stark concentration of emissions: the top 1% of households account for nearly a quarter of total emissions, while the bottom 10% are responsible for just 0.1%. Carbon emissions are more unequally distributed than household expenditure, underscoring the environmental implications of income inequality.eng
dc.description.notesIncluye nota de enseñanza (Acceso solo para docentes)spa
dc.description.notesIncluye teaching note (Acceso solo para docentes)spa
dc.description.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2280-9452
dc.description.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6595-2799
dc.description.scopushttps://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56049189500
dc.description.scopushttps://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56049189500
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.109020
dc.identifier.eissn1873-6106
dc.identifier.issn0921-8009
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10726/6334
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherScience Direct
dc.relation.citationvolume246
dc.relation.ispartofjournalEcological Economics
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)
dc.subjectCarbon footprint
dc.subjectHousehold consumption
dc.subjectIncome distribution
dc.subjectIncome inequality
dc.subjectEnvironmental economics
dc.subjectClimate change mitigation
dc.subjectCarbon emissions
dc.subjectSustainable development
dc.subjectInput-output analysis
dc.subjectConsumption (Economics)
dc.subjectHouseholds
dc.subjectEnvironmental policy
dc.subjectEconomic inequality
dc.subjectSocial inequality
dc.subjectEconomic development
dc.subjectColombia
dc.titleThe carbon cost of rising incomes: Evidence from a middle-income countryeng
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART

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